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...volume. This hail signature passed over the greater Johnstown area where hail diameters of up to 1.25 inches were reported. [[Category:Hail|20050510]] ...

...Differential attenuation becomes significant when the echo geometry causes large concentrations of oblate drops to exist along appreciable (many tens of km) ...ferential attenuation can exaggerate the size of polarimetrically-inferred hail regions. ...

A severe thunderstorm that produced large, damaging hail affected areas to the north of Fort Collins Colorado during the afternoon h ...to a severe weather spotter report logged at 2235 UTC, 1.75 inch diameter hail was observed in this high reflectivity area. The storm spotter location is ...

...ure (distinctly negative <math>Z_{dr}</math> at low elevations changing to large positive values at higher elevation angles) can be seen at the far range en [[Category:Hail|20030818]] ...

...see VCHILL link below). Considerable damage due to a combination of large hail and high winds took place at KDEN, KFTG (Front Range Airport), and in Watki [[Category:Hail|20010621]] ...

==Hail Differential Reflectivity== The identification of hail in this presentation was done using the Hail Differential Reflectivity (HDR) parameter (Aydin et al, 1986). Differential ...

...can be applied to '''identify the primary hydrometeor type''' (rain, snow, hail, etc.) ...t of hydrometeor classes. The membership functions for the rain and small hail classifications are shown below ...

...provides some selected views of the radar data as well as some post-storm hail damage photographs. ...s is a well known polarimetric radar hail signature. The isolated patch of large positive ZDR's centered aloft at X=57.4 km and Z=4 km may be an artifact du ...

...from the positive values associated with oblate raindrops to ~ 0dB in the hail region. ...ve more accurate results than reflectivity-based rain rate estimators when hail is present. ...

...e:hail_loop.gif|frame|center|Zdr (lower panel) decreases to 0 dB (gray) as hail develops in the 5X5 km white square [[Image:dbz_scale_anot.png]][[Image:zdr ...ulse. <ref>Aydin, K., T. A. Seliga, and V. Balaji, 1986: Remote sensing of hail with a dual linear polarization radar. J. Climate and Appl. Meter., 25, 147 ...

...a thunderstorm. A series of plots documenting the time evolution of this hail / rain mixture have been prepared. ...fic differential propagation phase (Kdp) and to identify range gates where hail was a significant precipitation component. The grey shades in the following ...

*2129: small hail begins (code GS; maximum hailstone diameter under 0.25 inches) *2206: small hail ends ...

...on 12 July, 2011. (Plus symbols mark reports of 1 inch or larger diameter hail). Plots of several dual-polarization data fields observed in this storm hav ...ures in the Cheyenne (CYS) area. The plus symbols mark locations of the 21 hail reports in the Storm Prediction Center files that were associated with this ...

variability is visibly greater in the three body region. Due to the large fall velocity of the hailstones, the radial velocities in the three body ec ...report records contain an observation of damage-producing 2 inch diameter hail from this storm in Commerce City at 1933 UTC. ...

|Small Hail |Large Hail ...

...collide. The resultant aggregates also raise the reflectivity due to their large diameters. ...~50 km. Hailstones are generally more spherical than raindrops and undergo large amplitude gyrating motions as they fall. These factors tend to cause simila ...

...~90 mm per hour. The Byers observer in the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow network (CoCoRaHS) reported that 2.25 inches of rain fell in the 2 ...stones. (The spotter reports confirmed the existence of .75 inch diameter hail): ...

...ved in a CSU-CHILL RHI scan through a Bounded Weak Echo Region (BWER) in a hail-producing thunderstorm. Selected plots of both PPI and RHI scans through th ...ydrometeors are carried up to relatively high altitudes before they become large and numerous enough to produce a radar echo (Lemon and Doswell, MWR 1979). ...

Very heavy rain and hail up to .75 inches in diameter were observed at the Denver The high concentrations of large, oblate rain drops generated appreciable positive ...

...collected ~5 minutes later in an RHI scan through the low level inflow and hail core areas have been assembled. ...slightly negative Zdr values near the 24 km range suggest that some of the hail / graupel particles may have had their major axes oriented vertically. The ...